被处罚的A级景区存在的问题及应对策略

旅游景区的管理与建设对旅游业的发展至关重要。然而,截至2019年7月底,全国有数百家A级景区由于管理与建设不善,受到摘牌、降级等处罚。对照《旅游景区质量等级的划分与评定》可以发现,被处罚的景区主要存在的问题:景区配套设施管理差、旅游交通不畅、游览设施与服务不健全、景区卫生差、景区市场吸引力小等。因此,政府必须与景区相配合,采取相应对策,强化景区建设与管理;提升景区资源、市场吸引力等,以扭转被动局面,推动旅游景区的健康发展。     

A train of thought in product experientiality: Working memory,distraction, and inconsistencies in cue order effects

The sequence of informational cues and the level of distraction have an impact on the judgment of a product’s quality and preference. Two quasi-experimental studies (N_total = 340) investigate the influence of the force behind the processing of these cues – working memory (WM). Previous research found that, in the presence of a distractor, high WM individuals are more able to recall the initial cue, and thus derive their product judgment from the initial strong cue. Study 1 contradicts these findings and raises important methodological questions regarding the conceptualization of strong and weak cues. Specifically, commonly accepted strong cues (e.g., product reputation) might not influence consumers as expected. Additionally, in a sequence of product evaluation with high vs. low degree of experientiality, study 2 reveals that consumers tend to show a primacy effect that is stronger for higher levels of WM capacity. Moreover, in a sequence of assessing low vs. high degree of experientiality products, consumers reveal stronger recency effects, thus showing that WM reinforces this recency effect. Our findings have important implications for marketers by suggesting that consumers with high WMC are more able to process complex stimuli and retrieve previously presented information on a product quality. These consumers also have a higher tendency to retrieve more information from product scenarios with a high degree of experientiality.     

美国城市公园评价体系的内容、应用 及启示——以ParkScore指数为例

中国快速城镇化的过程伴随着各类城市绿地公园的 规划建设。对城市公园系统综合质量的科学评价关系着城市开 放空间品质的提升、居民生活质量的提高和公共服务设施规划 水平的进步。以ParkScore指数为例，对美国城市公园综合 评价系统的建设过程、评价标准和指标体系进行系统介绍和特 征评述，总结分析其在城市规划实践和研究中的应用，提出我 国应完善城市空间数据库建设、引入以人为本的评价指标和加 强指标体系建立过程的有效性等建议措施，旨在为我国城市公 园综合评价系统建设提供借鉴。     

苯醚甲环唑在猕猴桃中的残留动态及安全性评价

为摸清猕猴桃中有毒有害物质的残留动态,确保出口产品质量安全符合主要贸易国官方要求,本文采用气相色谱-质谱法,测定施药后不同时期苯醚甲环唑在猕猴桃果实中的残留量,并依据残留消解动态,按照欧盟和日本食品安全卫生标准,对10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的使用安全性进行评价。结果表明,苯醚甲环唑在猕猴桃中的残留量随着时间的推移逐渐下降,动态曲线符合一级动力学方程C_t=0.5359e^-0.184t,半衰期为3.767 d,属易消解农药;按照欧盟和日本猕猴桃农药最大残留限量要求,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂按照推荐剂量单次施药,10天后采摘食用是安全的。     

江苏省农业绿色发展水平区域差异及趋势分析

［目的］农业绿色发展是保证我国农业可持续发展的有效方式，探究江苏省农业绿色发展水平和地区差异，为我国其他地区农业绿色发展研究提供参考。［方法］文章采用熵权法和层次分析法确定农业绿色发展水平评价指标权重，运用锡尔指数对区域内和区域间农业绿色发展水平差异进行测度。［结果］2012—2017年江苏省农业绿色发展水平有明显提高，绿色供给的得分最高，环境友好和生态制度的得分最低。各市农业绿色发展水平综合指数分析结果表明，苏州农业绿色发展水平最高，南京、无锡次之，连云港、淮安和宿迁农业绿色发展水平较低。锡尔指数分析结果表明江苏省区域内农业绿色发展水平差异都在逐渐缩小。［结论］农产品绿色供给是江苏省农业绿色发展的最大优势，资源节约利用和环境友好发展方面较低，由于经济发展对资源利用强度在持续增加，资源节约利用仍是绿色发展的短板，因此江苏省资源效益利用仍有上升的空间，且区域内发达地区农业绿色发展的带动效应明显。     

Using a Delphi approach to identify the most efficacious interventions to improve Indonesia’s forest and land governance

Improvements to forest and land governance are key to addressing deforestation and degradation of peatlands in Indonesia. While this is a priority area, the steps to achieving good forest and land governance have been under-researched. There is a need for better links between theoretically informed academic analysis and work in the field. This study drew together a panel of experts on forest and land governance using a Delphi method to discuss the underlying drivers of deforestation and peatland degradation, and correspondingly, to identify interventions to improve land and forest governance in Indonesia. Seventeen panelists with an average of more than 12 years’ experience reached agreement over four governance interventions: increasing the capacity of local communities to manage and monitor forests and natural resources (65% of panelist’s votes); identify strengths and weaknesses of community organisations and institutions, and develop strategies to improve their performance (65% of panelist’s votes); gazetting forests to clarify land boundaries and determine which areas should be village, community and state forest zone (59% of panelist’s votes); and, integrating participatory community maps into spatial plans to protect local communities and indigenous peoples’ development needs (53% of panelist’s votes). They also supported action research involving the government, private sector and communities, and political economy approaches to researching forest and land governance issues. Panelists indicated that community level approaches such as securing community forest tenure through clarifying land claims and integrating local land tenure into spatial planning had an important role in sustainable forest management.     

Making an exciting brand big: Brand personality,logo size and brand evaluation

This research examines how brand personality (excitement) and logo size used in product design (big versus small) interacts in affecting consumer brand evaluation. We first demonstrate that combining a big logo and a high-excitement brand (versus a small logo combined with a high-excitement brand) leads to high processing fluency, further resulting in more favourable brand evaluation (Study 1). We then determine the consumption situation as a moderator of such an interaction effect: the influence of the big logo and high-excitement-brand combination on brand evaluation is significantly weakened in a private consumption situation (a T-shirt worn at home) compared to a public consumption situation (a T-shirt worn outside, Study 2a), and becomes insignificant for a private product category (slippers, Study 2b).     

基于BD-GIS耦合模型的北京奥林匹克 森林公园景观优化策略研究

随着城市人口的增加和人们健康意识的增强，近年 来城市公园的使用率呈现迅速上升趋势。手机等智能电子设备 的高速发展，使人们可以在户外运动中监测自身活动轨迹、距 离和能量消耗等。以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例，通过手机 信令、微博、百度POI等大数据与GIS技术结合，构建依托大 数据的GIS耦合模型，从游人的行为需求出发对公园的慢跑游 线、景点热度、游人空间分布等进行使用后量化评价，并针对 问题提出北京奥林匹克森林公园的景观优化策略。结果显示大 数据与GIS的结合可以为公园的景观优化提供客观且理性的整 改依据，从而更科学地指导城市公园的景观提升。     

基于景观适宜性的山地公园植物景观 评价研究——以贵阳黔灵山公园为例

以贵阳市黔灵山公园为研究对象，选取24个植物景观单元。以生态适宜、景观适宜、社会适宜为准则层，建立山地公园植物景观景观适宜性评价体系。运用主成分分析确定评价指标权重，克服以往植物景观评价赋权重的主观性，建立山地公园植物景观景观适宜性评价模型，得到不同植物景观的景观适宜性指数。结果表明：黔灵山公园在适宜范围内的植物景观有10个，占评价单元总数的41.6%，适宜性较差的有14个，乔灌比(数量)在1:11.2~1.7:1之间的植物群落景观适宜性较好。根据评价结果，提出了3点山地公园植物景观营建策略，以期为山地公园植物景观评价及营建提供理论指导。     

Intergenerational Earnings Inequality: New Evidence From Italy

Using an innovative dataset built by merging survey and administrative data, we provide new estimates of intergenerational earnings’ inequality between fathers and sons in Italy, extending previous evidence in several directions. We rely on the TSTSLS method to predict fathers’ earnings and compute intergenerational elasticities and imputed rank–rank slopes, trying to reduce estimation biases. Confirming previous evidence, we find that Italy is characterized by a high intergenerational inequality in cross-country comparison. Extending previous analyses, we show that the intergenerational association increases when sons at older ages and multi-annual averages of pseudo-fathers’ and sons’ earnings are considered. We also find that the intergenerational persistence differs across geographical macro-areas and is high also for daughters, especially when family earnings are considered. Furthermore, estimates where possible mediating factors of the parental influence are included among the covariates show that a high intergenerational association persists when sons’ education and occupation are controlled for.